Materi Lengkap Mengenai Active & Passive Voice – Apakah teman – teman pernah belajar mengenai kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif dalam Bahasa Indonesia? Dalam Bahasa Inggris kita juga mempelajari tentang materi tersebut. Kalimat aktif atau ‘Active Voice’ merupakan kalimat dimana subjek aktif melakukan sesuatu, sedangkan kalimat pasif ‘Passive Voice’ merupakan kalimat dimana subjek tidak melakukan sesuatu. Berikut adalah materi lengkap mengenai Active dan Passive Voice.
A. Definisi
1. Active Voice
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat dimana subjek melakukan suatu aksi atau tindakan. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, kalimat aktif biasanya ditandai dengan awalan me- atau ber- pada kata kerjaya. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, membuat kalimat aktif (Active Voice) kita cukup menambahkan kata kerja (verb) yang sesuai dengan subjek dan tenses dalam sebuah kalimat.
2. Passive Voice
Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat dimana subjek dalam kalimat dikenai aksi datau tindakan. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, kalimat pasif biasanya ditandai dengan awalan di- atau ter- pada kata kerjaya. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, membuat kalimat pasif (Passive Voice) kita harus menambah tobe yang sesuai dengan subjek dan tenses dalam sebuah kalimat dan mengubah kerja (verb) menjadi bentuk ketiga (Verb 3).
B. Pola
1. Active Voice
Pola Active Voice:
Subject + Verb (disesuaikan dengan tenses) + Object
Contoh Kalimat:
• I kick a ball.
(Saya menendang sebuah bola)
• The students drink orange juice.
(Para murid meminum jus jeruk)
2. Passive Voice
a) Pola Passive Voice dengan to Infinitive dan gerund
To + be + V3
Being + V3
Contoh Kalimat:
• The song is ready to be released.
(Lagu tersebut sudah siap untuk dirilis)
• They stop being worried.
(Mereka berhenti cemas)
b) Pola Passive Voice dengan Modal atau Modal Perfect
S + modal + be + V3
S + modal + have + been + V3
Contoh Kalimat:
• The table should be cleaned.
(Meja tersebut seharusnya dibersihkan)
• The apples should have been peeled by this morning.
(Apel – apel tersebut seharusnya sudah dikupas pagi ini)
C. Ciri Kalimat
1. Active Voice
• Subjek melakukan suatu aksi atau tindakan dalam suatu kalimat.
• Memiliki pola aktif berupa S-P-O-K (Subjek – Predikat – Objek – Keterangan) atau S-P-K (Subjek – Predikat – Keterangan).
• Terdapat objek yang terletak setelah kata kerja (verb).
2. Passive Voice
• Subjek dalam suatu kalimat dikenai aksi atau tindakan.
• Memiliki pola to be + Verb 3
• Terdapat kata by … (ciri ini optional yang artinya tidak selalu ada dalam kalimat pasif).
• Merupakan kalimat Verbal (kalimat yang memiliki kata kerja)
• Memiliki objek yang akan mengenai aksi atau tindakan ke subjek kalimat.
D. Pola Active Voice dan Passive Voice dalam Tenses
1. Simple Present Tense
Verb yang dipakai: Verb 1
to be yang dipakai: is, am, are
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira drinks milk every day.
Passive Voice Milk is drunk by Vira every day.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: to be + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira is drinking milk now.
Passive Voice Milk is being drunk by Vira now.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Verb yang dipakai: have/ has + Verb 3
Passive Voice memakai: been
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira has drunk milk.
Passive Voice Milk has been drunk by Vira.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: have/ has + been + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira has been drinking milk just now.
Passive Voice Milk has been being drunk by Vira just now.
5. Simple Past Tense
Verb yang dipakai: Verb 2
to be yang dipakai: was, were
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira drank milk yesterday.
Passive Voice Milk was drunk by Vira yesterday.
6. Past Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: to be + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira was drinking milk.
Passive Voice Milk was being drunk by Vira.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Verb yang dipakai: had + Verb 3
Passive Voice memakai: been
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira had drunk milk.
Passive Voice Milk had been drunk by Vira.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: had + been + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira had been drinking milk.
Passive Voice Milk had been being drunk by Vira.
9. Simple Future Tense
Verb yang dipakai: Will + Verb 1
to be yang dipakai: be
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira will drink milk tomorrow.
Passive Voice Milk will be drunk by Vira tomorrow.
10. Future Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: will + be + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira will be drinking milk.
Passive Voice Milk will be being drunk by Vira.
11. Future Perfect Tense
Verb yang dipakai: will + have + Verb 3
Passive Voice memakai: been
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira will have drunk milk.
Passive Voice Milk will have been drunk by Vira.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: will + have + been + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira will have been drinking milk.
Passive Voice Milk will have been being drunk by Vira.
13. Past Future Tense
Verb yang dipakai: Would + Verb 1
to be yang dipakai: be
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira would drink milk.
Passive Voice Milk would be drunk by Vira.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: would + be + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira would be drinking milk.
Passive Voice Milk would be being drunk by Vira.
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Verb yang dipakai: would + have + Verb 3
Passive Voice memakai: been
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira would have drunk milk.
Passive Voice Milk would have been drunk by Vira.
16. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Verb yang dipakai: would + have + been + Verb-ing
Passive Voice memakai: being
Contoh Kalimat:
Active Voice Vira would have been drinking milk.
Passive Voice Milk would have been being drunk by Vira.
Demikianlah materi lengkap mengenai Active dan Passive Voice. Semoga penjelasan tersebut dapat dipahami dengan baik oleh teman – teman. Semoga bermanfaat!
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